Content standards help eLearning courses communicate effectively with technologies such as learning management systems (LMS). SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), introduced in 1999, addressed the issue of courses lacking interoperability. By 2013, xAPI (the Experience API) emerged as a more sophisticated alternative, allowing learning activities to be tracked outside the LMS and even offline.
Interestingly, prior to SCORM, the AICC (Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee) protocol existed for eLearning content, though it has become obsolete today, except for training methods involving CD-ROMs.
Developed in 1999, SCORM is a set of technical standards for eLearning software products. It ensures that content can be shared and reused across different LMS platforms.
Key Features
Interoperability between different LMS.
Ability to track learner progress and completion status.
Limited to online training within the LMS environment.
Released in 2013, xAPI is a more advanced successor to SCORM, designed to capture a wide range of learning experiences, both online and offline.
Key Features
Tracks learning activities beyond traditional LMS, including simulations, mobile learning, and social learning.
Uses statements in the format of "noun, verb, object" (e.g., "John completed the course").
Supports data collection from various sources, allowing for a richer understanding of learner experiences.
A newer standard built on xAPI, cmi5 was developed to address limitations in SCORM and leverage the capabilities of xAPI while providing a structure for course management.
Key Features
Combines the advantages of SCORM with the flexibility of xAPI.
Establishes rules for how content and learner data should be managed in LMS.
Supports tracking and reporting of learning activities both online and offline.
One of the earlier eLearning standards, AICC was created to provide guidelines for the delivery of computer-based training in the aviation industry.
Key Features
Focuses on content interoperability and tracking.
Primarily used in scenarios where training content is delivered via web-based systems.
Largely considered outdated compared to newer standards like SCORM and xAPI, but still used in some legacy systems.
SCORM is a widely recognized set of technical standards for eLearning software. It defines how online learning content and LMSs, such as a SCORM LMS, communicate with each other to ensure compatibility and smooth delivery of content.
A SCORM package typically consists of several files imported into an LMS. These files include the learning content (e.g., HTML pages or interactive media) and a crucial SCORM manifest file. The manifest file provides instructions to the LMS, dictating tasks like which content page to load first.
SCORM tracks key learner data, including completion status, time spent, pass/fail results, and a single score. The most recent version, SCORM 2004 4th Edition, introduced enhanced sequencing and navigation features. While newer technologies like xAPI LMS solutions offer more advanced tracking capabilities, SCORM remains widely used due to its reliability, simplicity, and compatibility with a range of LMS platforms
xAPI, or Experience API, is a modern eLearning standard that overcomes SCORM's limitations, especially in tracking diverse learning experiences. Unlike traditional SCORM LMS, an xAPI LMS tracks activities across platforms, devices, and offline.
It sends "noun, verb, object" statements to a Learning Record Store (LRS), capturing detailed actions like reading an article or participating in discussions. xAPI’s flexibility enables personalized learning paths, syncing offline progress when connected, and is not limited by cross-domain scripting, making it a more adaptable standard for today’s eLearning needs.
|
Feature |
SCORM LMS |
xAPI LMS |
|
Tracking Capabilities |
Tracks completion, pass/fail, and time spent on courses |
Tracks a wider range of learning experiences, including offline activities |
|
Data Granularity |
Limited to overall course data |
Provides detailed tracking of individual activities and interactions |
|
Interoperability |
Highly compatible with many LMS platforms |
More flexible but requires an LRS for data storage and analysis |
|
Learning Environments |
Primarily for online environments |
Supports tracking across various devices and platforms, including offline |
|
Learning Activities |
Focuses on course completion and basic interactions |
Captures a variety of activities (e.g., reading articles, participating in discussions) |
|
Reporting |
Basic analytics on course performance |
Advanced analytics capabilities with detailed reports on learner engagement |
|
Future-Proofing |
An established standard, widely used |
Emerging technology with potential for adaptive learning paths |
|
Implementation |
Easier to implement due to widespread support |
May require more setup with additional systems like an LRS |
When deciding between SCORM vs xAPI for your eLearning needs, understanding key factors such as implementation, traditional course requirements, and compatibility is crucial.
Here's a breakdown of these considerations
When comparing xAPI vs SCORM, consider the complexity of implementing each standard. SCORM is widely supported and easier to implement due to its long-standing use and familiarity with most SCORM LMS platforms. In contrast, xAPI offers more advanced features but may require greater technical expertise and a more robust xAPI-compliant LMS for deployment. Assess the tools, resources, and internal support available to manage the setup for either standard.
If your organization primarily delivers traditional, linear courses, SCORM is often the more practical choice. It is ideal for tracking basic learning elements such as course completion, scores, and time spent. However, if you foresee your training evolving to include more interactive, real-world, or offline learning experiences, xAPI LMS might be more suitable. xAPI supports tracking across different devices and environments, offering flexibility beyond the traditional online course structure.
SCORM vs xAPI also differs in terms of compatibility with existing systems. SCORM is highly compatible with a wide range of LMS solutions, making it an easier choice for organizations with established LMS setups. xAPI, on the other hand, is newer but gaining traction for its ability to integrate with different platforms, including those outside traditional LMS environments. If cross-platform learning and data collection are essential, xAPI's compatibility with various tools could provide a significant advantage.
While xAPI-compliant LMS platforms offer advanced tracking capabilities, many organizations stick with SCORM LMS due to its simplicity and wide support. SCORM remains the most popular eLearning standard, offering easy tracking for course completion, time spent, scores, and pass/fail results. Its ongoing updates, like SCORM 2004, ensure it continues to meet the needs of most businesses.
However, xAPI excels in tracking more complex learning activities, such as offline learning, real-world performance, and transitions between devices. For organizations seeking deeper insights beyond the LMS, an xAPI-compliant LMS is ideal.
For tracking basic metrics like completion, scores, and time within an LMS.
When simplicity and broad LMS compatibility are key.
To track offline learning, real-world activities, or performance across devices.
When you need detailed, advanced reporting on diverse learning experiences.
SCORM is perfect for traditional eLearning, while xAPI is suited for more complex, data-driven learning needs across multiple environments.
To transition from SCORM to xAPI smoothly, follow these steps:
Ensure your LMS is xAPI compliant and supports xAPI integration alongside SCORM.
Start by converting a few SCORM courses to xAPI, using them as a trial run to test compatibility, tracking, and data accuracy.
Set up an LRS to store detailed xAPI data, which will allow enhanced tracking of learning activities.
Implement xAPI gradually, updating content in phases to avoid disrupting ongoing learning programs.
Provide necessary training to admins and instructors on using xAPI effectively.
Regularly review analytics and learner feedback to ensure a seamless transition.
The choice between SCORM and xAPI depends on your organization's specific goals and technological requirements. SCORM is ideal for traditional eLearning courses with straightforward tracking, while xAPI offers flexibility for diverse learning solutions, including mobile and offline access. Consider your existing infrastructure, future scalability, and reporting needs. Aligning your choice with long-term objectives ensures effective eLearning initiatives. Ultimately, both standards have unique advantages; the right fit will enhance training programs and improve learning outcomes.